Problémy Geologických Zdrojov a Environmentálne Potreby Earth Resource Problems and Related Environmental Considerations

نویسندگان

  • Jana Jablonská
  • Erika Orlitová
چکیده

The paper discusses some of the problems of geology and earth resources management in relation to environmental problems of the technosphere. It deals also with some aspects of environmental monitoring of areas where surveying or mining operations are planned or in progress. 1. Úvod Rast ľudskej populácie a limitované zemské zdroje súvisia aj s otázkami rastu cien nerastných surovín a očakávaného nedostatku surovín. Ročná spotreba minerálov a hornín je vysoká a dopyt neustále rastie. Dôležité je preto zdokonaľovanie technológie dobývania nerastov, úpravy nerastných surovín a recyklácie. Tým je možné znížiť spotrebu nerastných surovín, a napomôcť k udržateľnosti vývoja našej civilizácie. Rast obyvateľstva bol relatívne pomalý, až do polovice minulého storočia, keď vzrástol o jednu miliardu a dnes je počet obyvateľov 6 miliónov ( obr.1). Rast populácie obyvateľstva je závislý od mnohých faktorov a nie je rovnaký vo všetkých oblastiach sveta. Priemerný rast populácie vo svete je viac ako 2% za rok a podľa tohoto vývoja sa predpokladá nárast obyvateľstva v roku 2025 na 8,2 miliárd. Každý deň pribudne 240 000 ľudí. S rastom obyvateľstva sa predpokladá nielen väčšia spotreba jedla, ale aj nerastných surovín. Obr.č1. Graf rastu populácie vo svete [1]. Zásoby väčšiny nerastných surovín však nie sú v mnohých oblastiach postačujúce vzhľadom na spotrebu. V mnohých krajinách sú zásoby vyčerpané, najmä na väčšine bohatých ložísk. Je dôležité uvažovať aj o spotrebe vody, nakoľko sa ukazuje, že zásoby podzemnej aj povrchovej vody sú nepostačujúce a neustále ich ohrozuje narastajúce znečistenie. 1 Ing. Jana Jablonská a Ing. Erika Orlitová,, Katedra geológie a mineralógie Fakulty BERG TU Košice, Park Komenského 15, 043 84 Košice

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تاریخ انتشار 2006